Welcome to this tutorial on Introduction to GeoGebra.
In this tutorial, we will learn, About GeoGebra interface and geometric tools
To draw parallel and perpendicular lines
To change object properties of a line About properties of Graphics view.
Here I am using, Ubuntu Linux OS, version 14.04
GeoGebra version 5.0.438.0-d
To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with basic Mathematics.
To open GeoGebra applicaton in Ubuntu Linux OS, click on Dash Home.
In the search bar type geogebra. GeoGebra icon appears.
Double-click on the icon to open the GeoGebra application.
Let us open GeoGebra application in Windows 10 OS.
In Search the web and Windows box, type geogebra.
GeoGebra appears in the list.
Click on it to open the GeoGebra application.
This is the GeoGebra interface.
It has a standard menu bar with menu items, File, Edit, View, Options, Tools, Window and Help.
Below the menu bar, is a tool bar with various geometric tools.
On the right side of the tool bar, we have Undo, Redo, Help and Preferences options.
Below tool bar we have Algebra view and Graphics view.
In GeoGebra, geometry and algebra work side by side.
Graphics view is used to create geometric figures using tools on the toolbar.
Algebra view displays the corresponding algebraic expressions of the drawn figures.
Using View menu, we can open or close any view based on our requirement.
At the bottom of the window, we have an input bar.
We can directly enter algebraic commands and functions using the input bar.
By default grid and axes options are enabled on the Graphics view.
You can disable the axes or grid using the context menu.
Right click on Graphics view. The Graphics menu opens.
In this menu, we have options to check and uncheck Axes and Grid.
Let me show you another method to enable or disable the axes and grid.
Notice a small arrow triangle next to Graphics, named as Toggle Style Bar.
Click on the arrow triangle to open the drop-down menu.
Here you will see options to check and uncheck axes and grid.
Next we will learn about the tool bar in detail.
Let us click on Move Graphics View tool at the right end of the toolbar.
Notice that, a dark blue border appears around the tool. This indicates that the tool is selected.
Hover the cursor on the tool. Its name and function appears in the tool tip box.
Using this selected tool, we can move the Graphics view. Click and drag the Graphics view as required.
Each tool has a small black triangle at its corner.
When the cursor is placed on the triangle, it turns red.
Let us click on Move tool on the tool bar. A drop-down list of related tools appear.
Let us draw points in the Graphics view.
Click on Point tool and then click on the Graphics view Point A is drawn.
Again click to draw another point B.
Note that the corresponding coordinates of the points appear in the Algebra view.
Let us learn to draw a line. Click on the triangle at the corner of Line tool.
Here you can see a list of Line tools to draw various types of lines.
Using Line tool, we will draw a line through points A and B.
Click on Line tool and click on points A and B.
Line f passes through A and B.
Let us delete all the objects on the Graphics view.
Press Ctrl+A to select all the objects. Press Delete key on the keyboard.
Let us redraw the line AB. Click on Line tool and click on the Graphics view.
Click again at a different place to draw the line AB.
Next I will draw a line perpendicular to line AB.
To do that, click on the Perpendicular Line tool.
Click above line AB to draw point C, then click on line AB.
Line g passing through C is perpendicular to line AB .
Let us draw a line parallel to line AB.
Click on Parallel Line tool.
Click below AB to draw point D, then click on line AB.
A line h, parallel to AB and passing through point D, is drawn.
Now we will mark intersection points for the two lines.
In the Point tool drop-down, select Intersect tool.
Click on the intersection point of the lines f and g.
Then click on the intersection point of the lines g and h.
Now we will make our drawing a bit interactive.
Click on Move tool.
Click on point A and drag.
Notice that points E and F and all lines move along with point A.
Similarly we will move points B and D.
Points E , F and the lines move along with point B.
Only point F and line h move along with point D.
Points A, B and D are independent objects.
Now I will try to move points E or F. We do not see any movement.
This indicates that, points E or F are dependent objects.
Now let us change the properties of the lines.
Right click on line AB. A context menu opens, with all the properties of the line.
Select Object Properties. Preferences window opens.
Resize the Preferences window to see the changes on the Graphics view.
I will explain some basic properties in the Preferences window.
In the Name box, you can change the name to Line AB.
And the Caption as Original Line.
Click the Show Object check box, to show or unshow the line.
The Show Label check box has a drop down to choose.
I will choose Name & Value. Notice that name and value appears below the line.
Next click on the Color tab. Here we have a color box to colour the line.
Below the colour box there is Preview box to view the changed colour.
I will click on the green box. The colour of Line AB has changed to green.
Next click on Style tab.
Here you can change, Line Thickness Line Opacity and Line Style.
Close the Preferences window.
Observe the Line AB with changed object properties.
I will change the object properties of line h.
Right-click on line h, to select Object Properties. Preferences window opens.
Here I will change the colour to pink and style to dashed line.
Close the Preferences window.
Now let us save the file. Click on File menu and select Save.
Save dialog box opens.
I will select Documents folder on my machine.
You can select any folder of your choice on your machine.
Type the File name as Lines. Then click on Save button at the bottom.
Our file is saved with .ggb extension.
Pause the tutorial and do this assignment. Open a new GeoGebra window.
Draw a line segment AB using Segment tool
Draw a perpendicular bisector to segment AB.
Rename the lines and change the object properties.
Your completed assignment should look like this.
Let's now open a new window.
Click on File menu and select New Window.
Now, I will explain about Graphics window properties. Here I will close the Algebra view.
Right click on the Graphics window.
The context menu opens with various options.
Choose Graphics option.
Preferences window opens.
In the Preferences window, we will see Basic, xAxis, yAxis and Grid tabs.
Resize the Preferences window and Graphics view and place them side by side.
We will change the basic properties of the Axes in the Basic tab.
Click on Bold check-box. This makes the Axes bold.
Click on Color button. Choose a color box appears.
You can choose any dark colour and click OK button.
The colour of the axes changes accordingly.
Next, select Line style drop down. I will select two-sided arrow option.
Now we will move on to Miscellaneous properties.
Let us change the background colour of the Graphics view.
Click on Background Color button. Choose a color box appears.
I will select light green and click OK button.
Observe that the background colour changes to light green.
Now click on Grid tab. By default, Show Grid check-box is checked.
Let us change the colour of the Grid. Click on Color button.
Choose a color box appears.
I will select Dark Green and click OK button.
Observe that the colour of the grid changes to dark green.
Close the Preferences window.
Observe the GeoGebra interface with changed properties.
As an assignment explore, 1. Grid Type options 2. xAxis and yAxis tabs
Let us summarise what we have learnt.
In this tutorial, we have learnt, About GeoGebra interface and geometric tools
To draw parallel and perpendicular lines To change object properties of a line
About properties of Graphics view
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